In-Memory OLTP can significantly improve OLTP database application performance. It is a memory-optimized database engine integrated into the SQL Server engine, optimized for OLTP. With In-Memory OLTP you can increase the transaction throughput by up to 30 times, depending on the specifics of the workload. The performance gains come from:

Tables use memory-optimized data structures and data access methods.
Core transaction processing is completely free of locks.
Natively compiled modules execute Transact-SQL statements more efficiently.

Read the following resources for more information.

[In-Memory OLTP (In-Memory Optimization)] (https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn133186.aspx)
[Quick Start 1: In-Memory OLTP Technologies for Faster Transact-SQL Performance] (https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/mt694156.aspx)
[Get started with Columnstore for real time operational analytics] (https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn817827.aspx)
[Columnstore Indexes Guide] (https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/gg492088.aspx)